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Herd management areas (HMA) are lands under the supervision of the United States Bureau of Land Management that are managed for the primary but not exclusive benefit of free-roaming "wild" horses and burros. Each HMA has a set Appropriate Management Level (AML), which is the number of equines the land can sustain. When the population gets too high, some animals are removed and placed for adoption with private owners or sent to long-term holding facilities elsewhere.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/whbprogram/herd_management.html )〕 Since 1971, about 220,000 horses and burros have been adopted through the BLM.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.blm.gov/nv/st/en/prog/wh_b.html )〕 The BLM distinguishes between "herd areas" (HA) where feral horse herds existed at the time of the passage of the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971, and "Herd Management Areas" (HMA) where the land is managed for the benefit of horses and burros, though "as a component" of public lands, which have multiple-uses, not exclusively equine habitat. The BLM assessed herd areas to determine which ones would become HMAs based on whether they had adequate food, water, cover, and space to "sustain healthy and diverse wild horse and burro populations over the long-term." Other areas may contain feral horses but for a number of reasons—including size of herd, habitat, and land ownership—are not currently managed for equines by the BLM.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/whbprogram/herd_management/HMA_and_HA_Maps.html )〕 Additional horses and burros are managed in cooperation with the BLM on 37 Wild Horse and Burro Territories in six states under the auspices of the United States Forest Service.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fs.fed.us/rangelands/ecology/wildhorseburro/territories/index.shtml )〕 Horses under the management of the BLM based on 2013 estimates comprised over 33,000 horses located in 270 separate herd management areas (HMAs) across 10 states. There were also approximately 6,800 burros under BLM management in some states.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.blm.gov/wy/st/en/programs/Wild_Horses/hma.html )〕 Numbers can vary significantly from year to year, and the BLM estimated that there were about 49,209 horses and burros roaming free on BLM-managed lands. This population exceeds the target population of 26,684 that the BLM considers to be the "appropriate management level" (AML). Another 48,447 equines are kept in holding facilities in various locations throughout the west and midwest. almost half of all the free-roaming horses and burros under the management of the BLM live in Nevada, where there are 83 separate herd management areas.〔 Population of free-ranging horses is a concern because, unlike wildlife or livestock, horses are not hunted, do not face significant natural predators, nor are their numbers human-controlled by means of grazing permits. Because of the lack of population control, their numbers can double every four years.〔 almost half of all the free-roaming horses and burros under the management of the BLM live in Nevada, where there are 83 separate herd management areas.〔 Population of free-ranging horses is a concern because, unlike wildlife or livestock, horses are not hunted, do not face significant natural predators, nor are their numbers human-controlled by means of grazing permits. Because of the lack of population control, their numbers can double every four years.〔 Excess animals are removed from the range and placed in holding facilities where they can be placed for adoption with private owners. Since 1971, about 220,000 horses and burros have been adopted through the BLM.〔 ==Summaries of population by state== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of BLM Herd Management Areas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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